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10.20.04

Understanding GRML

By Toby J. Rhodes

HTML is the primary markup language used on the web. After its first release, it lacked many of the features taken for granted today on the web. It took many years for HTML to become what it is. In fact, almost four years passed between the first attempts at a markup language and HTML 2.0. In the years since 1995, HTML has continued changing. This demonstrates the commitment necessary to develop a markup language.

Before the development of HTML began, it needed software to test its features. The software developed was the precursor to the first HTML web browser. There is no way to test a markup language without having the software first. This demonstrates the requirements for developing a markup language. The software drives its development.

The purpose of this article is to show how General Reuse Markup Language, or GRML, developed into its current format. Examples are given to show the differences between GRML 1.0 and GRML 2.0. The attributes of each markup language are described along with how they are used on the web.

Background

This is one in a series of articles on GRML. Before continuing, read the article, Introducing GRML. It provides an overview of existing file formats and markup languages, and explains why GRML was created.

If you are not interested in markup languages, potential alternative approaches, or web browser technology, this is not the article for you. This discussion is not suitable for anyone who feels HTML is the only way to browse the web.

The Beginning.

The process of creating GRML was indirect. It began with a desire to create a front-end to extract content from web pages. The idea was to submit a web page request and retrieve the content in a format usable by a variety of applications. HTML displays content in one way, so it is not used by a variety of applications. Since the target web pages used HTML, the retrieved content needed to be available using another format.

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The only solution to extracting content from a HTML web page is to use an adapter. Adapters read data in one format and write them in another. This was the perfect solution, except for one thing. HTML web pages are described differently for every web page requested. There is no way to extract author information, or article text, or product descriptions without creating an adapter for each web page. There had to be a better way.

Building a web front-end.

While trying to find a practical way to extract content from web pages, a front-end was being developed to display the content. A single adapter was developed to format HTML from a single web page into an informal format used by the front-end. This informal format was the initial step toward creating a markup language.

From June, 2002 until August, 2002, the front-end used an adapter to convert HTML web pages to text, for display. There was no format, other than reading single lines of text from the adapter. As development continued, more adapters were added, until 6 were available. Web page requests sent from the front-end had to use one of these 6 adapters. There was no feature for users to directly enter a web page request.

The first attempt.

As the front-end was developed, a form was needed for sending requests using input controls. This required a formal approach for handling requests to and responses from a web page. Using arbitrary lines of text was inefficient. This was the beginning of Personal Markup Language.

The new markup language had form support and provided a structure for formatting web page content. However, the form was limited. At first, the front-end created a form from the first web page request. There was no way to display another form. To allow the markup language to create a form for each web page request, the front-end was updated.

Read the Rest of The Article.

About the Author:
Developing with MFC for a couple of years now. Working at getting my new web browsers just right.

Take a look at GRMLBrowser.com.

Living in Memphis, TN and it is great coz there are absolutely no major sports teams (well, except for the Grizzlies).

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